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Back in 1999, the CELTA required trainees to teach around six lessons, all observed and subject to grading, and I remember them as exciting, challenging and revealing insights into the world I was about to enter.

When I became a trainer, I knew we had to find ways of maximizing this opportunity for our trainees, ensuring that they got the most out of these precious practice opportunities. My first training job was in China, where our student-trainees spent several weeks in middle schools, under the guidance of the older generation of teachers (with whom, I must admit, we did not always see eye to eye). This was a special challenge, but most teacher trainers work in less politically complicated institutions, as I later did in the US. Taking these experiences as a whole, I’ve compiled some advice on how to make teaching practice a smooth, practical, and hopefully enjoyable part of our students’ training.

4 Tips for Organizing Realistic Practice for Trainee Teachers

1. 1

   Proper Planning Prevents Panic

   My trainees have lesson planning principles drilled into them from day one, and they’re as likely to begin a lesson without a plan as they are to leave home without their wallet and phone. Time and time again, we reiterate the importance of writing down the structure, timings, content and other details of the class, so that they have a ready reminder of what they’re trying to achieve, and what will come next in the lesson.

   To inculcate this habit, the trainers emphasize their own use of plans during our training sessions – I stick my own plan on the classroom wall, by the board, and make a big deal out of following it as I go – and make all of our plans available to the trainees, so that they can see how an experienced teacher goes about the process. We have our students practice planning for all kinds of situations, including conversation classes, reading and writing lessons, and the Integrated Skills classes so favored by ESL schools. By the end of the course, our trainees have written perhaps 40-50 lesson plans – though I’d double this, if I could – and they find the process becoming faster and smoother as they gain experience and plug in the lessons of their teaching practice.

2. 2

   Mock Up a Real Classroom

   If you’re helping to run a CELTA course, or a similar qualification, then you’ll probably have access to actual classrooms, complete with furniture, facilities, textbooks and the like. This is a terrific chance to emulate the conditions our trainees will, all too soon, find themselves in. We also adjust the school schedule so that the trainees have both time to teach the class, and to receive feedback afterward, without cutting down their practice time. We require them to prepare their classroom, arranging the furniture as they see fit, cleaning and readying the board, and adjusting lighting and heating. More than anything, this is just a chance to spend a few minutes in the space before their students arrive.

   These last few minutes are obviously critical, and as a trainer who’s about to observe the class, I sometimes offer some last minute advice:

   • Relax; breathe in and out. You’re teaching an ESL class, not scrubbing up for a heart transplant.
   • You’ve planned carefully, so you’re going to be fine. And even if you do make mistakes, this is a very safe environment in which to do so.
   • Hit the bathroom, make sure you’ve got water and coffee/tea, and that you’re not chewing gum. Glance at yourself in the mirror while you’re there and make sure you look suitably professional.
   • Smile. It solves most problems, and the students will respond well to it.
   • Get to know all your students’ names, as quickly as possible. Repeat them to yourself while they’re doing pairwork. Have them say their names at the beginning of every answer they give you.
   • Watch the clock, but not obsessively. Remember: teach the class, not the plan.
3. 3

   Mock Up Real Students

   This is where the trainers can have a little fun. In our attempts to ensure that our trainees get realistic experience, we’ve taken to adding a couple of extra students – whether they’re fellow CELTA trainees helping out, or students from the ESL school itself – to bring situational complexity to the class by acting as pre-positioned agents provocateurs. Here’s the kind of antics we encourage, in moderation and purely to provide additional experience for the trainee-teacher:

   • Feigning incomprehension. This obliges the teacher to think again about how they express themselves, and teaches them to speak slowly.
   • Encountering pronunciation problems. Exaggerated, stylized pronunciation issues give the teacher the opportunity to deal with this important topic.
   • Chattering (and otherwise breaking the class rules). We don’t recommend that your agents really disrupt the class, but your trainee is eventually going to encounter students who find the class boring; it’s better to deal with this tricky situation for the first time before beginning professional life.
   • Timed responses. My ‘secret agents’ are given a particular time when they might begin yawning, dozing, using their phones (which is against our rules), asking to be allowed to go to the bathroom, etc. When deciding how we’d arrange this, my fellow trainers and I brainstormed all of most unexpected incidents we encountered in our first year as teachers, and chose a handful of the more likely ones to drop into the practice sessions. There’s no need to go too far here – the objective is to develop teaching experience, not create circus comedy – but a little forward planning can add a useful and realistic element.
4. 4

   Keep Quiet

   Observers should simply observe. It’s tempting to get involved, especially if things are going off the rails, but failure is part of the process, and it’s far better for the trainee to have a wobble during their practice sessions than when they’re in front of demanding, paying customers or impoverished students in a developing nation.

   I’ve got a prepared sheet for observations, and I make lots of notes for the feedback session afterward, but I never get drawn into the class. I might occasionally smile or give the teacher a quick thumbs-up, especially if they’re nervous or if it’s their first time. A discrete signal that they’re on the right path can bolster confidence at important moments, but that’s as far as I’d go.

Alongside working as a teacher and writer, I’m also a trained musician, and I like to compare teaching to jazz.

It’s carefully structured, like most music, but also highly improvisatory. No two iterations of the same piece will be same, and when starting out, all we have is an agreed framework; the moment-to-moment happenings are unpredictable and reactive, much like those in a language classroom. Encourage your trainees to stay light on their feet, and to learn to respond to what’s really happening in front of them. No amount of planning can prepare a teacher for the vagaries of human spontaneity, and that’s how it should be, but thorough planning can provide useful options and tactics. Ensure that your students build your feedback comments into their follow-up lessons, and remain committed to making their next lesson even better than their last.